Essay on Compare and Contrast - 789 Words

Compare and Contrast: Beach or Mountain Vacations Jennifer Burmester English 121 Alisa Moore October 3, 2010 Beach or Mountain Vacationing People take vacations all the time. There are many choices to choose from. I think that two of the most common places are either the beach or the mountains. Both places offer a ton of activities. The activities in the mountains cannot offer the same activities as the beach as well as the beach not offer the same as the mountain. There are many differences between beach vacations and mountain vacations. Let’s go to the beach first! There are advantages to the beach according to climate, activities and location. Warm climate is one of the most important advantages a beach†¦show more content†¦When was the last time you sat around a campfire and sang? There are many mountainous areas that you could enjoy visiting in the world. As with all vacations there are many advantages, as well as some disadvantages. You have read the advantages of beach vacations. Let’s go back to the beach and see about some of the disadvantages. If the climate is not what you wanted, warm and sunny, that can put a damper on things. One disadvantage to beach vacations is the coastal fog. In this case, some of the outdoor activities may be limited. You could explore others options, building a camp fire to stay warm and have hot drinks while watching the surf, you could bundle up and walk the beach looking for shells or just enjoying the briskness of the outdoors. Let’s explore the wind, on some occasions the beach may be windy, again a perfect day for kite flying or maybe doing some indoor activities if the option is there. Seagulls, yes they are part of nature and tend to hang out at the beach. Seagulls can be a nuisance to those that are trying to enjoy a picnic. They are hungry scavengers, this could be a disadvantage to those that don’t want to deal with these beach dwelling birds. Can you think of disadvantages to mountain vacations? As with beach vacations, mountain vacations can offer its disadvantages as well. The climate can change suddenly, warm climate for those mountain adventures is great, but the wind can be just as strong on a mountain top,Show MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe Compare/ Contrast Essay First, let’s explain compare and contrast: When we compare, we show our readers a subjects similarities. When we contrast, we show our readers a subjects differences. Compare and Contrast essays are learning-process essays. You learn about your subject as you gather and organize information. This type of essay takes a bit of organization, and its this organizational process, this gathering of facts, that helps you learn as you go. You will create lists of qualitiesRead MoreCompare and Contrast1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe Compare/ Contrast Essay First, let’s explain compare and contrast: When we compare, we show our readers a subjects similarities. When we contrast, we show our readers a subjects differences. Compare and Contrast essays are learning-process essays. You learn about your subject as you gather and organize information. This type of essay takes a bit of organization, and its this organizational process, this gathering of facts, that helps you learn as you go. You will create listsRead MoreCompare and Contrast1582 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: COMPARE AND CONTRAST Compare and Contrast Self Administered Test Mary Coleman May 12, 2008 PSYU 565 Jeffrey A. Stone, PhD. Chapman University Compare and Contrast Self Administered Test The assignment for this week is to compare and contrast the results from three self administered tests we took in class. The tests I will compare and contrast are the 16 Personality Factors (16PF), the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis (T-JTA)Read MoreCompare-Contrast1087 Words   |  5 PagesCompare-Contrast This paper is on compare-contrast of two advertisements dealing with two beauty products. One will be targeted towards men, while the other will be targeted towards women. The two beauty products advertisements that will be compared and contrast are the Axe Body Spray advertisement (18-19) and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement (Bath and Body Works). Both advertisements use different marketing promotions technique to try to get the attention and win over theirRead Morecompare contrast1165 Words   |  5 Pageshe is more interested in men which leads readers to believe he has homosexual tendencies. After this Emily decides to kill Homer and thus resulting in her keeping his lifeless body in the room upstairs until the day she herself passes. When you compare the two stories they have a very similar tone. Though the locations are different they still connect through the same tone. Phoenix Jackson is on a trail walking to town to buy some medicine for her Grandson, while Miss Emily is locked up in her houseRead MoreCompare Contrast1072 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Christopher Smith University of Phoenix COM-170 COMPOSITION AND COMMUNICATION I January 14, 2014 Regina Vega Compare and Contrast Growing up, there are countless young boys, who have the dream of someday being a professional football or baseball player. Going outside and letting the imagination of being on the big stage and making the final pitch to win the World Series or the final Hail Mary throw to win the SuperRead MoreCompare and Contrast778 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the way Seamus Heaney and at least one other poet describe their childhood experiences. The two poets I am writing about are Seamus Heaney and D H Laurence. The two poems by Seamus Heaney I will be writing about are death of a naturalist and blackberry picking. The poem by D H Laurence I will be writing about is discord in childhood. Death of a naturalist Death of a naturalist is about Seamus Heaney as a child going to this pond where every year he went to collect frogspawnRead MoreCompare and Contrast1122 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay In today’s society the majority of the crimes are still being committed by people who have possessed a firearm that has been obtained illegally or without proper permits. That being said there has been a strong push for gun control because of the rise of shootings involving a large group of people such as the Columbine massacre, Virginia Tech shooting and latest Aurora movie theater shooting involving people who have purchased firearms legally. Gun control laws in theRead MoreCompare and Contrast2738 Words   |  11 PagesCompare and Contrast Economic Market Systems In differentiating between market structures one has to compare and contrast public goods, private goods, common resources, and natural monopolies. All of these are major factors that need to be considered. Public goods are those goods in which all of society benefit from and are equally shared among everyone within. These types of goods can be consumed simultaneously by several individuals without diminishing the value of consumption to any individualRead MoreCompare and Contrast2751 Words   |  12 PagesCompare and Contrast Economic Market Systems In differentiating between market structures one has to compare and contrast public goods, private goods, common resources, and natural monopolies. All of these are major factors that need to be considered. Public goods are those goods in which all of society benefit from and are equally shared among everyone within. These types of goods can be consumed simultaneously by several individuals without diminishing the value of consumption to any individual

Maslows Hierarchy Of Need Essay - 1481 Words

Maslows Hierarchy of Need INTRODUCTION Many managers are puzzled by the question why some workers doing easy job remain dissatisfied, while others engaged in performance of complicated tasks are completely satisfied? What should be done for the people to work better? What stimulates their desire to work? Only knowing what are the main factors stimulating a man to act, what kind of motives lay as a basis of a man’s activities, one can try to develop an efficient system for work motivation. In the process of human development, governors and managers noticed that material factors did not motivate workers so efficiently and the key motivating factor is not of material nature, but of psychological one. A lot of various†¦show more content†¦Physiological needs necessary for a man to survive (need for meals, clothes, water, etc.). 2. Need for security and confidence in future. 3. Need for belonging and connection (social needs). A man tries to be a member of a team, to take part in public events. He or she searches for attention, friendship, love. 4. Need for acknowledgement and self-assertion (prestigious needs). A man needs to be self-asserted, to be acknowledged for his or her personal achievements, carrier growth, to be respected, to be a team leader. 5. Need for self-expression (spiritual needs). Spiritual needs are expressed through creative work, self-actualization. All needs can be classified within the strict hierarchic structure, with physiological needs on the lower level and need for self-actualization – on the higher one. Classifying needs according to levels, Maslow aimed to show that physiological needs must be satisfied first, and after that, desire to satisfy needs of a higher level occurs. For making comparison, a brief description of Herzberg’s theory is also given. 2. F.Herzbergs Two Factor Theory After leading a number of experiments, F. Herzberg made a conclusion that satisfaction of needs does not enhance work motivation. He created a two-factor motivation model. Herzberg has established that a man’s satisfaction with his or her activities and a man’s dissatisfaction with the same are twoShow MoreRelatedMaslows Hierarchy of Needs866 Words   |  4 PagesINFORMATION SYSTEMS CLASS EXERCISE DUE DATE: 17/2/2015 STUDENT ID: 140079 ------------------------------------------------- NAME: COSMAS KANCHEPA QUESTIONS 1. Define and Explain Scheins classification of Motivational Assumptions. 2. What are Maslows hierarchy of needs and why is it important in the study of motivation. 3. What are the characteristics of Theory X and Theory Y people? ANSWERS Question1 I. The rational-economic model is the mental picture held by managers who consider workers to be primarilyRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy Of Needs1081 Words   |  5 Pagesrewards or unconscious desires (McLeod, Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs). Abraham Maslow, one of the leading psychologists in humanistic psychology, conceived the idea of the hierarchy of needs that revealed what motivates people to do the things that they do. Similarly, Carl Rodgers later added that for a person to grow, they need an environment that provides them with genuineness, acceptance, and empathy (McLeod, Carl Rogers). In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs one cannot get to the top without first startingRead MoreMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs1967 Words   |  8 Pages1Motivations 1.1Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is used to analyze motivation of consumers, which are composed of 5 five stages. From the lowest level to the highest one respectively are physiological, safety, belongingness, ego needs, and self-actualization. (Solomon and Barmossy et al., 2006) It is said that two thirds of visitors of Bicester Village are Chinese. Increased Chinese consumers like to choose Bicester Village as a destination to travel and purchase.(†¦Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬â€šRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivations that was based upon a hierarchy of needs. Basic physiological drives like thirst, hunger and sleep, as well as the need for safety, shelter and some feeling of security are the motivational needs that must first be met. They provide the foundation for higher level of motivations to become present and available as needs the indvidual is aroused to attain. Each higher order of motivational need is built upon a more basic need. After physiological and safety needs are met then the individualRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hierarchy of needs theory is a formation of the needs of an individual person. Basically this hierarchy are based on five level which is classified into Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love/Belonging needs, Esteem needs and Self-actualization needs. It can be illustrated with a diagram 1.0 The Diagram of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. This is diagram are has been developed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper of A Theory of Human Motivation which he subsequently extended to include his observationRead MoreImportance of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs1069 Words   |  5 Pagesexplored all these themes in group projects. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs can be a valuable aid when dealing with the process of education. Achieving each of the levels of Maslow’s needs- physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization- at different times in the educational process makes it difficult to instruct a group of students, each in their own place along Maslow’s pyramid. According to his theory, needs that are in the lower hierarchy must be at least partially met before a personRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory1595 Words   |  7 PagesContents INTRODUCTION 2 MOTIVATION 3 MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY 4 INFORMATION OF THE COMPANY 5 APPLE COMPUTERS,INC 5 INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY’S MANAGER 6 STEVE JOBS 6 STEVE JOBS LEADERSHIP STYLES AND MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES 7 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 â€Æ' INTRODUCTION In this section ,we will discuss about the topics motivation, motivation theory.Motivation is defined as the interaction between person and the situation.For attaining goalRead MoreThe Pyramid of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs1113 Words   |  5 Pageslevels of needs, back in 1943. These 5 levels form a pyramid that is referred to as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. An Individual starts at the bottom of the pyramid, at physical needs, and then promotes him or herself up. Physical needs are the most basic yet vital needs for survival. These include things such as, food, water, shelter, etc. If a person is successful in accomplishing those needs, they can move up onto the next level of needs, known as safety needs. Examples of safety needs include healthRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy Of Needs Theory1805 Words   |  8 PagesMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory in Organizational Diversity Psychologist Abraham Maslow established a theory of motivation to justify how people in diverse organizations behave. His human requirements theory states that humans are never completely satisfied; that they crave satisfaction and those requirements can be classified into a hierarchy based upon importance. The lowest level of importance includes peoples’ desire to satisfy their physical needs, such as hunger and thirst. Following theRead MoreThe Need to Belong: Rediscovering Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.6034 Words   |  25 PagesThe Need to Belong: Rediscovering Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. by: Norman Kunc Axis Consultation and Training Ltd Originally published in: Villa, R., Thousand, J., Stainback, W. Stainback, S. Restructuring for Caring Effective Education. Baltimore: Paul Brookes, 1992.  © Copyright 1992 Paul H. Brookes Publishers. Newtonian principles of physics were regarded as true until Einstein demonstrated that they provided an inadequate explanation of the laws of nature. Similarly, Freudian analysts viewed

Stevie Nicks an Inspirational Artist Free Essays

Another band Nicks Joined in high school was the Frizz Robbery Memorial Band. Frizz was given the opportunity to open for celebrity musician, Janis Joplin. Nicks recalls, muff couldn’t have pried me away with a million dollar check†¦ L was absolutely glued to her. We will write a custom essay sample on Stevie Nicks: an Inspirational Artist or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was there that learned a lot of what I do onstage†¦ L said, ‘If ever I am a performer of any value, I want to be able to create the same kind of feeling that is going on between her and her audience† (Steve Nicks Biography). Sure enough, Nicks did accomplish what she set out to do and much more. Steve Nicks’ educational career continued when she decided to enroll at San Jose State University as a speech communication major. Steve planned on becoming an English teacher but the enrollment was short-lived and she eventually dropped out of San Jose to pursue her musical aspirations In Los Angels. Steve moved to L. A. With her musical partner, Lindsey Bucking, who eventually became her romantic partner as well. Together they signed a record deal with Polygon Records and created the Bucking Nicks album. Unfortunately, the public did not respond and the duo was unable to produce a significant profit from the album. Nicks decided she would to let this setback end her musical career. Little did she know, she was about to the land the opportunity of a lifetime, My favorite part of Settee’s career, her Journey with Flatfooted Mac, could not have come at a better time In Steve Nick’s life. She was struggling financially and desperate to have a career breakthrough. I believe â€Å"The Chain†, by Flatfooted Mac, is without a doubt the front-runner of all the songs Steve has participated in writing. Her collaboration on this song with Lindsey Bucking, Mimic Flatfooted, Christine Mimic, and John Emcee showed Steve has the ability to work well with others. The Chain† Includes Settee’s preferred Instrument, the tambourine, as well as another percussion Instrument, the drums, and a string instrument, the guitar. One similarity this song has with most of Settee’s other songs is that it falls in the rock music genre. The upbeat and dramatic tone of this song captivates the audience from the beginning and holds their attention until the end, leaving the listener with a desire to hear more. Another one of my favorites performed by Flatfooted Mac Is the song â€Å"Ruination†, a song Steve states was written In only ten minutes, This musical creation Is about a haystack woman won Tints It very Nora to De tale down (Keller) . Settle wanted t song to be uplifting. I believe the song does have a mystical quality about it, however, not much of an uplifting one. In â€Å"Ruination†, Steve Nicks crosses over from her traditional musical genre, rock, to a separate musical genre, pop. Once again, you can clearly hear the drums, played by Mimic Flatfooted, and two guitars, one played by Lindsey Bucking and the other by John Mimic. There is another instrument that is introduced in this song and that is the keyboard, which is played by Christine Mimic (Pillar). The combination of these musical instruments sounds beautiful, and Nicks did a remarkable Job putting this piece together. I also enjoy the song â€Å"Dreams,† which Steve Nicks wrote concerning love affairs and relationships ending. It was very personal to Steve, as she was going through this experience herself. After an eight year relationship, Steve Nicks and Lindsey Bucking had decided to go their separate ways. Although â€Å"Dreams† addresses a more difficult topic than â€Å"Ruination,† I think it has a more positive energy and uplifting beat. Steve says she likes to offer hope in her songs (Killer). Nicks chose to incorporate percussion, strings, and a keyboard instrument by using the drums, an acoustic guitar, a base guitar, and the keyboard itself. â€Å"Dreams† is yet another song in Steve Nicks’ career that climbed the charts when it was released in 1977 and is still popular more than thirty years later. All the songs discussed previously have excellent music and vocals, but there is one song in which the music overshadows Settee’s voice and that song is â€Å"Gypsy. † Without watching one of Flatfooted Mac’s live performances, the instrument that I thought stood out was the piano. However, it is actually a guitar. This song is similar to â€Å"Ruination† in that it reflects Nicks’ mystical side. The music in â€Å"Gypsy’ is refreshing and relaxing. This is the type of song I would want in the background when I had friends over. It sets up a pleasant atmosphere and is delightfully entertaining. The last song I like, written by Steve Nicks that comes out before her solo career, is â€Å"Landslide†. This song is filled with overwhelming emotion and intrigue. It is about Nicks’ decision to continue in her musical career when she was standing up against all odds. The guitar is the predominant instrument in this piece, and it is all the song rule needs. Steve repeats the same theme over and over again through the course of this piece. The music in â€Å"Landslide† is surprisingly simple yet very powerful. Throughout Steve Nicks solo career, I would have to say that her most popular composition was â€Å"Edge of Seventeen. † I still hear it on the radio today. Nicks wrote this song after John Lenin and an uncle she was very close to passed away. There is irony in this because â€Å"Edge of Seventeen† strikes me as particularly happy song. The cymbals are an instrument unique to this musical piece. In addition, there are three efferent types of drums being played: the snare drum and the bass drum, which are played with sticks, as well as a hand drum, which is obviously played with the hands. The piano Joins these other instruments as the song develops. â€Å"Edge of Seventeen† is a gripping and enchanting song which, not surprisingly, comes from Settee’s album Enchanted. Another catchy song from Nicks’ album Enchanted is â€Å"Blue Lamp. † Like many of her other pieces of work, â€Å"Blue Lamp† has a musical introduction that highlights the melody of the song. Steve Nicks stands on the genre border between rock and pop tin tons one-or-a-Kink place. In near own words, seen says tons song symbolizes â€Å"ten light that shines through the night† (Killer). Typical of Settee’s character, she uses the drums and the guitar as the musical foundation for the song. If I had to choose one song that I did not like from Nicks’ output, it would be â€Å"Rock a Little. † This song does not draw me in the way her others do. The tone color of the instruments sounds dull and the music is relatively boring. This is only my personal opinion, and over the course of Steve Nicks’ extraordinary career, I found this piece of work to be simply ordinary. Although Steve Nicks’ career began with a commercial failure, her successes as a musical artist are what she is known for. Steve Nicks has influenced a wide variety and record number of singers and songwriters including Kelly Clarion, Collie Cyclical, Madonna, the Dixie Chicks, and Vanessa Carlton. She has collaborated with many well-known artists including Tom Petty, and mentored others, such as Sherry Crow (Dunn). Her 2001 solo album, Trouble in Shanghai-La, included fellow musicians Mac Gray, Sarah McClellan, Sherry Crow, and Dixie Chick Natalie Amines. Nicks has toured all over the world from Sydney, Australia, to SST. Petersburg, Russia, and from Dublin, Ireland, to Dallas, Texas. I cannot say that one country likes her more than the other, given the fact that all the reviews describe her sold out concerts and devoted fans (Kinney). In an article from an Australian newspaper, music editor Kathy McCabe reports, â€Å"The veteran band [Flatfooted Mac] who ushered in the west-coast sound has lost none of its fire but gained the self-awareness afforded by survival in the music business, using their legendary tensions, relationship breakdowns and drug problems to introduce so many great songs from Rumors and beyond† (McCabe). Sean Flynn, writer for the Irish Times, says, â€Å"This time around, there is no new album to plug and no new songs to roll out. Yesterdays gone, but those golden sun-drenched songs roll on forever† (Flynn). I could not have said it better myself. Steve Nicks is a legend. Her music has thrived for decades and she will go down in history as an exceptionally talented songwriter and performer. In addition to the musical imprint Steve Nicks has left on society, her humanitarian efforts have also impacted the world. She has performed at benefits for the Arizona How to cite Stevie Nicks: an Inspirational Artist, Papers

Marriage Analysis Essay Example For Students

Marriage Analysis Essay In life, one has many choices to make or given choices to break. In the story, Marriage is a Private Affair, the author allows the reader to see that Nnaemeka didnt have a choice, but to marry the girl that his dad had arrange for him to marry. On the other hand, the author in the other story of Love must not be Forgotten., it allows the reader to see how the lady was pressure to get married. In these story it shows how the situation started, their reaction or feelings towards getting married, and their parents reaction or experience of marriage. In every marriage, has its own reason to it. Nnaemeka was forced to marry to a young lady because his dad had arranged a wife for him. Nnaemeka couldnt get married because he had already marry another girl. In the other story, the lady was pressured to get married by this man that had like her. She didnt know if she was really ready to get marry. Nnaemekas feeling toward his arrange marriage was unhappy, and hadded more stress to him. Nnaemeka felt this way because he had already had a wife. In the other story, it shows the ladys feeling towards her marriage . She still wanted to stay singe until she was ready ready. She also questioned herself about what if didnt t love him and didnt have feelings to love him. The Parents of Nnaemeka had not known about his other marriage .His father didnt care about what he would do or say. All he cared was his son marrying the girl that he had picked for his son to marry. In the other story, the mother had experience of her getting marry to her husband in which she had not even love. Her mother didnt get the right husband that she wanted. The ladys mother learned that even if you didnt love him, when he was gone or he past away, thats when you will start to show the real feeling inside of you. As stated in the above you can not always be the one to make the decision. In the story Marriage is a Private Affair, and Love must not be Forgotten, they show different characters in different situation. They also show the their reaction and feelings and the parent reaction and experiences. Nnaemeka and the lady in the two stories had faced similar situations. In todays society, we can also face these similar problems and will have choices to make or given choices to break. It concluded that marriage isnt always a happy situation for people.

The Mongols Essays - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan, Mongols

The Mongols It has been said that the Mongols were the most cruel and barbaric of the peoples that have roamed this earth. My research paper is on the greatest of the Mongols, Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan was, even in the lightest sense, a military genius. Genghis Khan almost conquered the world. He instilled in humankind a fear that lasted for ages. But what drove him to do it? Was it by chance? This paper will explain how the general's childhood molded the man into the best war general of the known world. The Mongols originally consisted of loosely organized nomadic tribes. (Nomadic refers to a tribe whose members wander and travel around, never staying in one place very long). They were considered barbarians, by European standards. They had no written language, and they were uneducated, except in warfare. Their land was in the most sense barren, for it was the Gobi Desert. In the Gobi, weather could change at a moments notice, from scorching heat to blustering cold. To protect themselves from the unforgiving cold, the Mongols smeared themselves with oil and grease. This offered sufficient protection, but they had to still worry about the wind, for the desert was barren, and with no trees to divert the wind, the gusts were sometimes enough to make riding on horseback difficult. Their culture was very unique. In the spring, meat, fur, and milk were abundant. In the winter, however, it was not. The Mongols evidently did not care much for their children, for they did not sacrifice their food for them. Whenever food was brought in during the winter, all of it was put in the a pot and then the order of people got it. The order of people were - the able-bodied men taking the first portions, the aged and the women received the pot next, and the children had to fight for the rest (Lamb 23). When there was a shortage of cattle, the children didn't survive so easily. Milk, one of their chief sources of nutrition, existed only in the form of kumiss, milk put in leather satchels, fermented and beaten. It was nourishment, and also intoxicating, especially to a kid of three or four years (Lamb 26). Their fires were not fueled by wood, since trees were scarce in the desert. Instead, it was fueled by cattle and horse dung, which had to make for a certainly unpleasant smell. When festivals came about, as they rarely did, big piles of dung were lit and the same order of the eating applied to the fire, with the women sometimes being able to sit! on the left of the fire. The children were not introduced to hardship; they were born into it. After they were weaned from their mothers milk to mare's milk, they were expected to manage almost entirely for themselves. The children learned to live by themselves, in houses, called yurts and they learned to organize hunts, stalking dogs and rats, beating them with crude, blunt clubs and arrows. They also learned to ride sheep by holding on to the wool. The yurts were made of felt, animal skin shaved close, stretched over wooden sticks, with an opening at the top to let out the smoke. Page 3 The felt was covered with white lime, and pictures were drawn onto it. This tent was serviceable, for its dome shaped top allowed it to resist the high winds (Fox 29). Endurance was life for the young Genghis Khan, called at birth Temujin, or "The Finest Steel". It was a name given to him by his father, the name of an enemy taken prisoner. Temujin's father was the Khan of the Yakka, or Great, Mongols. He had control of over 47,000 tents and his name was Yesukai (Lamb 24). Temujin had numerous duties, just as did the other boys of the camp. They had to fish the streams that the family passed on their trek. They looked after the family's horses, learning out of necessity to stay in the saddle for several days at a time, and to survive without food for three to four days. The boys watched the skyline for raiders and spent many nights in the snow without a

Race and Female Body Image essays

Race and Female Body Image essays The topic that we chose to research was race and female body image. We only researched African American women and Caucasian women because we wanted to see the contrast of the two. One of our hypotheses was that there would be a difference in the way women of different races perceived our bodies. Further, we hypothesized that African American women would have a more positive outlook on body image than Caucasian women did. Another hypothesis was that African American women that grew up with peers of the same ethnicity would have a more positive body image. Also, African American women that grew up with peers of a different ethnicity were predicted to have a more negative outlook on body image. The first aspect of body image we tested was how often our respondents thought about their weight. Of the 60 respondents, after running a crosstabulation between race and how often women thought about their weight, 36.7 percent of them thought about their weight often and 36.7 percent of them thought about their weight on occasion. The majority, 73.4 percent, were in these two categories (on occasion and often). When breaking the demographic of race down between the women, there was a difference in how often each race thought about their weight. 20 percent of the African American women reported that they thought about their weight virtually never, 40 percent reported they thought about their weight on occasion, and 25.7 percent said they thought about their weight often. With the Caucasian women, there were zero reports that they thought about their weight virtually never with 32 percent reporting they think about their weight on occasion and the majority, 52 percent reportin g they think about their weight often (table 1.2). What these percentages tell us is that there are fewer Caucasian women that think about their weight virtually never and more that think about their weight often than those reported by the African American women....

Information Technology Management at ZARA Essay

Information Technology Management at ZARA - Essay Example This essay outlines that information technology is helping the company to manage queues inside the outlet, control inventory and handle POS-terminals (Point-of-Sale terminal). In addition, IT is playing the all important role in managing Zara’s online store. The report also uncovered that, with the use of information technology, the company has been able to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors. One of the key findings of the study is that, Zara is using outdated software. According to the technical lead of ZARA, the software may be outdates but is highly stable. However it has been identified that any changes in the system configuration by the hardware vendors may negatively impact the company’s POS terminal operation.   The study is about analysing the most important aspects of Zara’s approach to information technology management. Apart from that the report will also shed light on whether or not these approaches are applicable and appropriate anywhere in the organization. In order to satisfy these objectives, the study will carry out an in-depth analysis of the external business environment of Zara and a brief internal analysis of the company. However the focus will be mainly on the information technology management of the company. Based on the findings, the report will draw a conclusion and provide some recommendations regarding how to improve the productivity of the company. Nevertheless, before getting further deep into the study, a brief overview of Zara is presented below.   ... In order to satisfy these objectives, the study will carry out an in-depth analysis of the external business environment of Zara and a brief internal analysis of the company. However the focus will be mainly on the information technology management of the company. Based on the findings, the report will draw a conclusion and provide some recommendations regarding how to improve the productivity of the company. Nevertheless, before getting further deep into the study, a brief overview of Zara is presented below. ZARA: A brief Synopsis Zara is a Spanish company involved in manufacturing and marketing of clothing and accessories. The company is the sister concern of Inditex, which is one of the leading distribution groups of the world. Zara was founded by Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera in the year 1975. Presently it is headquartered at Arteixo, Spain. The first store of the company was opened in La Courna. Zara is considered to be one of the largest multinational fashion companies (Zara , 2010a). The major competitors of Zara in the global context are Uniqlo, H&M, Marks & Spencer and United Colors of Benetton. According to reports, the company owns 5,527 stores around the world. Apart from the store operations, it also operates through online platforms. The net sales value of the company in the year 2011 was 13,793, and the operating profit was 3,258 which reflect the company’s financial stability (Inditex, 2011). The company is best known for continuously developing and launching new products. The company comes up with a number of innovative designs each year, which helps them to compete in the market. According to the CEO of the company, Zara’s business idea is very much

Muslim Sunni Mosque Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Muslim Sunni Mosque - Essay Example I had been told by my Sunni acquaintances that this was the oldest and the grandest Muslim Sunni Mosque in California. It had been built in 1984 through a trust fund which a Saudi Arabian woman had set up in 1977 for this specific purpose. When visiting her children who were studying in LA, she discovered that there was no mosque in the area, where Sunnis could pray and congregate. Therefore, she decided to donate the money required to establish a mosque which would act as a place of prayer, a center for religious instruction and advise and a social and cultural community center for Sunnis. As I approached the mosque, one of the very first things which struck me was its grandness. Surrounded by iron gates and located in the center of a rather large piece of land, the mosque was quite imposing. Nevertheless, it did not attract my attention because it was, in any way, different from Shia architecture or more impressive than Shia mosques but because this was LA. Upon entering the mosque, I felt a sense of familiarity, meaning that I felt that I was entering a Muslim place of worship and not a Sunni one which was foreign to me as a Shi'ite. As it was just half an hour before the call for the Friday noon prayers, most of the Muslims were in the washrooms performing the ritual cleansing, woodu. Here I noticed a difference.

Bulgaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bulgaria - Essay Example The President of the republic is the head of state and the supreme commander-in-chief. The Prime Minister on the other hand heads and bears responsibility for the overall policy of the government. After a period of political instability in the mid 1990s, there has been a gradual stabilization since 2001 with the election of Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, son of Tsar Boris III, and heir of the royal family, as prime-minister (Library of Congress, 2005). The focus of the governmental power of several consecutive governments has been the EU accession process requiring substantial reforms in the legislative, judiciary, administrative and other spheres of economy. In 2004 Bulgaria's population was estimated at 7,518,000 with a negative growth rate of -0.92 percent per year. About 70 percent of the population is urban; the capital Sofia has population of 1.1 million. Since 1990s migration to Western European countries has increased significantly, with estimated 200,000 residents leaving the country between 1992 and 2002. This movement is expected to accelerate as Bulgaria becomes an EU member state. Concerning ethnic groups, approximately 83 percent are Bulgarians, 9 percent Turks, and 5 percent Roma. In the 1980s during the communist period there was a campaign to assimilate the Turkish population. Today the only ethnic issue is discrimination of Roma who have even lower living standards and are generally regarded as second-class citizens (Library of Congress, 2005). By 1990s during the communist period Bulgaria had strong industrial and agricultural productivity and export within the Soviet and ex-communist countries. Political concussions and the fall of the communist regime resulted in economic shocks, Bulgaria lost many of its markets, because of increased competition and decreased political backup. Productivity levels dropped, many industrial factories were destroyed and plundered, agricultural structures were abolished. This, combined with instability in the political situation, led to a severe economic crisis in 1997-1998. Economical recovery involved the establishment of a currency board and structural changes in all sectors of economy (Library of Congress, 2005). Since that period the country has a slowly developing economy, with lowering inflation rates, improving investor confidence, tax-reducing policies etc. Today the country is facing one of the greatest challenges in its recent economic development - forthcoming EU accession in 1997. EU accession process is as much a political issue, as it is an economical issue. Ever since 1993, when the European Union announced its expansion policy towards Central and Eastern Europe, consecutive governments have adjusted their national programs with view to Bulgaria's prospective accession in the EU. Now, that the principal date of the accession was determined months ago, the government has to overcome many problematic areas, addressed by the EU Commission as areas of specific concern that have to be dealt with beforehand, or else the accession can be postponed. And while the Currency Board pegging the Bulgarian currency (leva) to the euro has contributed to economic stability, increased domestic consumption,

Environmental Systems Of Wastewater Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental Systems Of Wastewater Management Environmental Sciences Essay Wastewater is any liquid waste that is discharged from such places such as residential areas, industries and agricultural areas. Though the water is negatively affected by human impacts on the environment and may contain a large number of contaminants, it mostly consists of pure water, up to 95%. Throughout the world, an increase in the discharge of wastewater is causing a major impact on our environment. Wastewater pollution is more and more a danger to our planet because of rapid population growth, and increasing demand in water supply and sanitation provision. According to research, every liter of wastewater pollutes up to 8 liters of freshwater. Hence, each year, around 12,000 km3 of the globes water resources may not available to us. By 2050, the anticipated population of the world is thought to rise to 9 billion and if the wastewater pollution keeps on with the same speed with the population growth, the worlds water resources could see a drastic reduction by around 18,000 km3 annually. For now, in developing countries, around a tenth of the overall domestic wastewater is collected and only about nine-tenth of the existing wastewater treatment plants do not operate reliably or efficiently. Adverse effects or inadequate wastewater handling: increased illness and mortality lead to loss in terms of finance 4 million lost person-years annually cost of production of drinking and industrial water increases; water tariffs increases $56 billion annually World Panel on Financing Water Infrastructure US, March 2003 loss of income in fisheries and aquaculture sector tourists are deterred by the poor water quality loss of valuable biodiversity, both in the water and land surrounding the affected water 70% of coral reefs real estate values fall in value because quality of the surroundings is deteriorated Wastewater Local Overview In Mauritius, there are about 100 industrial units engaged in several activities resulting in some kind of water pollution. When liquid effluents are discharged from industries, they tend to go into the hydrological cycles and thus adversely affect the ecosystems and the quality of water reaching the consumers. Moreover when looking at the small size of our island, we can deduce that those effluents can very easily and rapidly pollute most of our water sources, from rivers to the seas. Many of the industries that pollute most of our water are basically found in 3 main industrial zones which are: Plaine Lauzun Coromandel Vacoas-Phoenix Firstly, the Plaine Lauzun zone includes the galvanizing, food canning, dye houses, ethanol distilleries, soap, detergent and chemical manufacturing industries. Their daily water consumption is approximately 5000m3 and they discharge their respective wastewater effluents to the Fort Victoria Sewerage treatment in Port Louis whereby only a pre treatment is carried out. Moreover the pre-treated wastewater is discharged 800m into the sea which will in turn find its way in the nearby beach named Bain des Dames where high fish mortality rate have been reported due to the release of heavy polluted water. Secondly, the Coromandel Industrial zone comprise of industries such as food processing, dye houses and soap industries. Their daily water consumption is about 3000m3 and they discharge their untreated wastewater by means of a 600m outfall into the sea at Pointe aux Sables to Port Louis. As a result, these effluents have been the cause of the total death of the reef opposite Pointe aux Sables. Thirdly, the Vacoas-Phoenix zone consists of about 30 industries including one edible oil refinery and six dye houses. Their daily water consumption is about 2000m3 and they discharge their untreated wastewater into the local sewerage network which leads to the St Martin treatment plant whereby a primary treatment is carried out before it is then discharged to the sea at Pointe Moyenne. Moreover there exists a potential for health effects to crop up since during the rainy season, overflowing of water can cause a considerable amount of effluents to be discharged into river Du Mesnil which in fact is joined up to Grand River North West and from which water is extracted for domestic purposes. On the other hand, there exist several other industries which are distributed all around the island and that in turn contribute to the pollution of water and these consist of galvanizing, dyeing, battery manufacture, leather tanning and washing industries. However since these industries do not generally carry out any onsite treatment of their effluents before they discharged it in surface waters or pits and caverns, hence there is a high possibility of aquifers being contaminated by such methods of discharge. Disposal routes of wastewater Rivers All around the world, rivers are the most often used as pathways of wastewater discharge. If not rivers, then canals and tributaries are used which eventually end up in a river. Sea Many industries found near to the sea use the sea as their dump for wastewater. Further wastewater is added to the sea through rivers. Sewers Industries direct their wastewater through sewers to the nearest treatment plant. On-site treatment Industries treat their wastewater as far as possible to make it comply with the countrys legislation. Sometimes the water may be reused by the industry itself. Carting away The wastewater is carried away in specialized dedicated vehicles to be disposed off somewhere more appropriate. This method is used when the water is of a kind that cannot be discharged in the nature even if treated and hence it is sent somewhere its potentially negative effects can be neutralized. Irrigation The wastewater is used for irrigation if it non-toxic and is considered suitable for the task. Major sources of wastewater in Mauritius Sugar Industry Since the sugar industry is one of the main pillars of our economy, we ensure it will still be one in the near future and thus limit its negative effects on our environment. Standards for effluent limitation have been introduced by Mauritian authorities to sugar factories and these norms have been in force since October 1999. But many sugar mills in Mauritius are not yet equipped with a conventional secondary or advanced treatment. For factories that can not dilute their wastewater before discharge or that cannot use their wastewater for irrigation, an appropriate treatment technique should be found for treatment of their medium to high strength wastewater so as to comply with the existing environmental law. Wastewater from sugar factories is considered as non-toxic organic source of pollution so it would be acceptable to have a biological treatment system. The sugar industry produces at least 5 million meter cube of wastewater per year (2001). What produces wastewater in the sugar industry? Cooling water: mainly used for condenser, bearing cooling, sulphur/lime houses and crystallizer for formation of crystal. Process water: used in the sugar making process. Parameters Standards Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 90 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 30 pH 5-9 Conductivity 2000 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 45 Oil Grease No visible oil SAR 6 Cl- 250 SO42- 500 The above table shows the standards of effluent (wastewater) according to the Standards of Effluent for Discharge Government Notice 2003. Major sources of wastewater in Mauritius Textile Industry The textile industry is another important pillar of our economy and textile factories can be found all around the island. Due to the various processes (sizing, bleaching, dying) existing in the textile industry, a considerable amount of water is being used and thus a very large amount of wastewater for discharge is produced. Unfortunately, not all the textile factories are equipped enough to cater for their wastewater treatment and many of them discharge toxic and untreated wastewater in nearby rivers and canals. Textile wastewater may consist of: Natural fibers: wool, hair, silk, cotton, flax Synthetic fibers: rayon, nylon Chemicals: dyes, de-foamers, bleaches, detergents, optical brighteners, equalizers In the past recent years, many incidents concerning discharge of untreated wastewater by textile industries directly into natural water bodies have taken place such Mon Dà ©sert Alma canal pollution by the Compagnie Mauricienne de Textile Ltee (Verdun). Major sources of wastewater in Mauritius Breweries Brewery has become a very important industry in Mauritius since it has a so vast market now. Brewery operations tend to produce considerable amounts of wastewater as waste products. Even by implementing new technological improvements in the past, it is estimated that around 3 to 10 liters of wastewater is generated for every liter of beer produced in breweries. The quantity of brewery wastewater produced will normally depend on the production and the water usage. Brewery wastewater may contain: Wort and beer wastes, spent grain and grain dusts. Fermentation solids, yeast wastes. Waste water of CIP equipment (cleaning and disinfection equipment. Sodium wastes from the CIP equipment. Acid solution from CIP equipments. Caustic soda from PVPP filters. Waste water with kieselguhr. Alkaline cleaning water. Alkaline waste water from bottle cleaning system. Insoluble substance, paper and cardboard, aluminium and ferrous metals. Soluble substance like adhesive, metals salt and conveyer lubricant. Oil and grease track from the equipments lubrication. Beer wastes from returned bottles and kegs. Even different lubricants cannot be eliminated so they finish in water. Such substances increase the percentage of contamination of waste waters. Many of the above substances, such as yeast, sodium, caustic soda alkaline water, may lead to negative consequences if let without treatment in natural water bodies. Major sources of wastewater in Mauritius Hotels Tourism is the third most important sector in Mauritius. Tourists come to Mauritius for its sand, sun and sea. But now the seas, and eventually the sand, are in danger of deterioration. This is because of the mismanagement of wastewater by some hotels. Hotels with more than 75 rooms are now required to be equipped with treatment plants so as to render their wastewater of a quality according to the norms. To ensure this, frequent monitoring should be carried out by the Waste Water Management. There are approximately 44 wastewater treatment plants in hotels all over the island which produce 7000 m3 of sludge every day. The treated water is then used for irrigation by the hotel itself. Discharging wastewater which is out of the regulatory norms may cause negative effects such as the degradation of our seas and coastal regions where foul smell will emanate eventually, the death of marine animals and vegetation. These problems directly affect the tourism industry as well as the lives of fishermen. Agro-industry (chemicals) It is only with important amounts of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides that modern agriculture in Mauritius can increase its yield. But intensively using agro-chemicals is not an unmixed blessing since its repercussions can be seen at a later stage. 48% (90,100 hectares) of the island is under cultivation and up to 57,500 tons of fertilizer is used each year, which is well above the norms. The problem with excessive use of agro-chemicals is when they are washed away by rain and reach surface water bodies or underground water. The acceptable level of nitrate in water is 45mg/l. Excess nitrate in water causes fast-growing plant life like algae and weeds and the water body becomes clogged all over. Impacts of wastewater on the environment In Mauritius, wastewater comes from mainly industrial processes, sewage consisting of human wastes, organic wastes, and from the agricultural sector pollutants such as animal wastes, pesticides and fertilizers. Today, due to a real change in terms of development in many areas in industrial and agricultural practices, our rivers and other water bodies are the most affected. Mauritius consists of four main aquifers namely as Curepipe aquifer, the Northern, Southern and Eastern aquifers. Taking into account the National Physical Development Plan (volume I p 134) it has been found that our aquifers have been badly polluted due to a lack of proper sanitation which can be described as sewage, wastewater, refuse disposal and bad practices in agriculture. Effects on aquatic wildlife Our sea, lakes, rivers and groundwater are the greatly affected by water pollution, much of it coming from wastewater. Pollution not only affects the quality of the water but also the lives of the species inhabiting it. Change in temperature A change in temperature (e.g hot water from sugar factories) affects the aquatic ecosystem. Although the temperature is increased by only few degrees, this may affect many varieties of fishes and plants. This causes a problem in the food cycle because some fishes that prey on other fishes and plants will have difficulties in finding their food they need. In their turn, they will have to move elsewhere or very often will lead to extinction of some plants and species. Furthermore, an increase in the temperature level of the water causes a reduction in the oxygen percentage in the water and thus resulting in chemical and biological reactions due to this unnatural process. With time, the movement of living organisms, respiration process and metabolism of aquatic plants and animals within the water itself will be at high risks. Pollutants in the wastewater On the other hand, another main water pollutant is the wastes generated by industrial processes which are discharged into rivers. It has been found that if wastes in lesser amounts are discharged in rivers, they can self-purify themselves but if the concentration and amount of wastes are high, then their impacts also will be high. Thus, excessive amounts of wastes chemicals discharged into rivers will not only disrupt the ecosystem but also causes the death of much aquatic life and will lead to bad odors. Sometimes some aquatic animals might not die when exposed to these pollutants but consuming these toxic animals not only will cause poisoning to the consumer but also will have an impact on the reduction of food processing and consumption. Potable water becomes scarce Moreover, consumable water for human beings and animal farming might indirectly bear severe consequences. Because Mauritius is a small island, wastewater released by industries can flow easily across many rivers and resulting in rapid pollution. The problem does not end here because if untreated wastewater reaches underground water reserves and contaminates it, we will be in lack of potable water for consumption. Eutrophication This occurs when a water body becomes abnormally enriched with nutrients. This might be caused by fertilizers run-off into nearby water. Excess nutrients causes phytoplankton to grow and reproduce much more rapidly than they would normally, thus resulting in algal blooms which disrupts the normal ecosystem functioning. The large amount of algae exhausts the oxygen in the water thus depriving it from other marine life. This is why many aquatic organisms end up dead but the process of eutrophication continues; the excess algae blocks the sunlight from marine plants which use photosynthesis to live. Furthermore, some algae might produce certain toxins that can be harmful to other animals and even to man. This effect can destroy the entire food chain of the ecosystem affected. Impacts of wastewater on the health of people exposed Consumption of contaminated wastewater In Mauritius it is very rare for people to consume any kind of contaminated water. However, a continuous exposure to low level of contaminants for a long time may cause diseases such as Cancer Liver and kidney damage Nervous system disorders Immune system disorders Birth defects But consumption of high concentration of contaminants may cause the following immediate health effects: Nausea Lung irritation Skin rash Vomiting Dizziness Death When exposed to odors emanating from wastewater Wastewater often has bad odor due to contaminants like sulfur. The following health effects might be seen on people exposed: Coughing / Sore throat Lung problems Headaches Eyes related diseases Examples of wastewater mismanagement The Rivià ¨re du Rempart polluted because of untreated wastewater Mon-Loisir sugar factory was at the centre of a controversy concerning the pollution of the Rivià ¨re du Rempart. The problem has been that the sugar factory discharged dirty and untreated water (wastewater) directly into a tributary river to the Rivià ¨re du Rempart. But according to Joseph Vaudin, the CEO of Mon-Loisir sugar factory, the problem was that the tank farm with foam and bagasse to be used in the fields during the sugarcane cutting periods, which was close to the tributary of the Rivià ¨re du Rempart, ruisseau Chevrette overwhelmed with the heavy rains we had earlier this year. And thus this wastewater discharge was unintentional. rempart.jpg More contribution to the discharge into the river sewage, composed of mud and scum, was brought by a faulty irrigation pipe. But this was detected and repaired within an hour. Jean-Luc Harel, plant manager, stated that the other end of the pipe which is normally concrete will be replaced with steel to avoid this kind of problem in the future. The local inhabitants, of whom several were very irritated, had several complaints pertaining to the discharge of dirty water from the factory directly into the river used by so many. Impacts on the inhabitants: The foul unbearable odor from the river once it is contaminated. The negative effects such as breathing problems to people inhabiting near the river. The water is no more usable for purposes such as irrigation. No more recreation site (people used to swim in the river). Fishing in the river is no more safe. A kind of vegetation seems to be proliferating on the surface of the water, contributing to pollution by; blocking organic materials and all kinds of waste thrown by man, and thus leading to the death of aquatic animals such as fish shrimps. Wastewater from Consolidated Fabrics Ltd, Balaclava Consolidated Fabrics Limited (CFL) factory at Solitude has been, since a few years, dumping toxic wastewater illegally in Rivià ¨re Citron. The norms of the Standards of Effluent for Discharge (Second Schedule) Government Notice 2003 and those of the Guidelines for Inland Surface Water Quality have not been respected. Ending its course in the Turtle Bay sea, this river runs through Balaclava and thus residents of Balaclava have been seriously affected by the bad odour that emanates from the illegal chemical. cfl2.jpg Fig. 03 Despite having voiced out their grievances and the potential health threat many times, the Balaclava Residents Association (BRA) members have seen no action being taken by CFL. Many residents have noticed that these odors are ten times more frequent than before. Impacts on local residents: Many are experiencing a suffocating smell of rotten egg across the morcellement. Almost every resident has complained of nausea, giddiness, sore throats, coughing, vomiting and headaches. One person has even reported of her baby having a rash. People most affected by the smell have to close their windows and doors even at times when the weather was very hot. Impacts on the environment: The river is an eyesore to people. It is not worthy of a paradise island. Aquatic life is being ruined. Fish eels can no more survive in such a polluted river. The water can no more be used for irrigation. The river ends its course in the sea and hence marine life is no more safe. People have reported that their pets have started to cough. cfl3.jpg Fig. 04 Examples of wastewater mismanagement Unbearable odor at Bain-Boeuf beach Bain-Boeuf beach was very much appreciated by everyone until people started complaining about an unbearable odor on the beach and its vicinity. Bain-Boeuf beach is surrounded by many hotels of which some have treatment plants to treat their wastewater. One of the hotels has been discharging its untreated wastewater into the sea. Furthermore, wastewater from agricultural lands might have been washed into the seas bringing in nitrates, phosphates and sulfates. The chemicals above cause a surplus of nutrients in the sea and cause the algae to grow to an abnormal proportion. This process is called eutrophication. The problem is further aggravated with the death of these algae. This causes more harm to the marine life and is also the cause of the foul smell experienced by people around. Furthermore when the algae starts to decompose, it produces hydrogen sulfate, a toxic gas, which when inhaled at high concentrations may cause death. In addition to water and air pollution, there is also land pollution since the dead algae is washed on the shore and is clearly an eyesore. Bain-Boeuf beach has not been practicable as long as the problem has persisted. Conclusion Reference Page

Ridged Puritan Society in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter: Ridged Puritan Society In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, life is centered around a rigid Puritan society in which one is unable to divulge his or her innermost thoughts and secrets. Every human being needs the opportunity to express how he or she truly feels; otherwise the emotions are bottled up until they become volatile. Unfortunately, society did not permit this kind of expression; thus characters had to seek alternate means to relieve their personal needs and desires. Luckily, at least for the four main characters, Hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the form of the mysterious forest. Hawthorne uses the forest to provide a kind of "shelter" for members of society in need of a refuge from daily Puritan life. In the deep, dark portions of the forest, many of the pivotal characters bring forth hidden thoughts and emotions. The forest track leads away from the settlement out into the wilderness where all signs of civilization vanish. This is precisely the escape route from strict mandates of law and religion, to a refuge where men, as well as women, can open up and be themselves. It is here that Dimmesdale openly acknowledges Hester and his undying love for her. It is also here that Hester can do the same for Dimmesdale. Finally, it is here that the two of them can openly engage in conversation without being preoccupied with the constraints that Puritan society places on them. Truly, Hester takes advantage of this, when Arthur Dimmesdale appears. She openly talks with Dimmesdale about subjects which would never be mentioned in any place other than the forest. "What we did..." she reminds him, "had a consecration of its own. We felt it so! We said to each other!" This statement shocks Dimmesdale and he tells Hester to hush, but he eventually realizes that he is in an environment where he can openly express his emotions. The thought of Hester and Dimmesdale having an intimate conversation in the confines of the society in which they live is incomprehensible. Yet here, in the forest, they can throw away all reluctance and finally be themselves under the umbrella of security, which exists. In Puritan society, self-reliance is stressed among many other things. However, self-reliance is more than stressed- it is assumed. It is assumed that you need only yourself, and therefore should have no emotional necessity for a "shoulder to cry on". Ridged Puritan Society in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays The Scarlet Letter: Ridged Puritan Society In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, life is centered around a rigid Puritan society in which one is unable to divulge his or her innermost thoughts and secrets. Every human being needs the opportunity to express how he or she truly feels; otherwise the emotions are bottled up until they become volatile. Unfortunately, society did not permit this kind of expression; thus characters had to seek alternate means to relieve their personal needs and desires. Luckily, at least for the four main characters, Hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the form of the mysterious forest. Hawthorne uses the forest to provide a kind of "shelter" for members of society in need of a refuge from daily Puritan life. In the deep, dark portions of the forest, many of the pivotal characters bring forth hidden thoughts and emotions. The forest track leads away from the settlement out into the wilderness where all signs of civilization vanish. This is precisely the escape route from strict mandates of law and religion, to a refuge where men, as well as women, can open up and be themselves. It is here that Dimmesdale openly acknowledges Hester and his undying love for her. It is also here that Hester can do the same for Dimmesdale. Finally, it is here that the two of them can openly engage in conversation without being preoccupied with the constraints that Puritan society places on them. Truly, Hester takes advantage of this, when Arthur Dimmesdale appears. She openly talks with Dimmesdale about subjects which would never be mentioned in any place other than the forest. "What we did..." she reminds him, "had a consecration of its own. We felt it so! We said to each other!" This statement shocks Dimmesdale and he tells Hester to hush, but he eventually realizes that he is in an environment where he can openly express his emotions. The thought of Hester and Dimmesdale having an intimate conversation in the confines of the society in which they live is incomprehensible. Yet here, in the forest, they can throw away all reluctance and finally be themselves under the umbrella of security, which exists. In Puritan society, self-reliance is stressed among many other things. However, self-reliance is more than stressed- it is assumed. It is assumed that you need only yourself, and therefore should have no emotional necessity for a "shoulder to cry on".

Analysis of ‘Creep’ by Radiohead Essay

* How does the use of simile contribute to the persona’s expression of alienation? (2 marks) The simile â€Å"just like an angel, you’re skin makes me cry† compares the object of the persona’s desire to an angel, an ethereal being, in order to convey how unreachable and unapproachable she seems to him, thus contributing to his expression of alienation. * What is the effect of the repetition of the word â€Å"perfect†?(2 marks) The repetition of the word â€Å"perfect† emphasises the importance of achieving perfection to the persona. * Is the use of obscenity effective? Why? Why not? (2 marks) I believe the use of obscenity in this song is effective as it conveys the frustration and anger the persona feels at not belonging as well as his jealousy towards those who do. (â€Å"You’re so f**ing special, I wish I was special†) * How would you describe the tone of this song? (2 marks) The tone in this song ranges from calm and quiet reflection in the verses to anger and frustration during the choruses. * How is contrast used in these lyrics? (2 marks) The lyrics in the songs opening contain very soft, gentle imagery of things like angels and floating feathers â€Å"in a beautiful world.† Contrast is then created through the use of obscenity and a change from poetic language into blunt speech (â€Å"What the hell am I doing here?†) This contrast heightens the impact the persona’s anger and frustration over not belonging has upon listeners, emphasising how strongly he has been emotionally affected by it.  [That contrast is much greater, by the way, when you listen to the scala & kolacny brothers choir sing it because they’re children and their voices are so angelic, contributing to the angelic imagery in the lyrics] * How is a sense of realism and verisimilitude created through these lyrics? (5 marks) The realism in this song is achieved through the use of obscenity and the frank tone to lines like â€Å"What the hell am I doing here?† A sense of verisimilitude is also established through the use of slang words such as â€Å"creep† and â€Å"weirdo† which contextualise the song as describing what could be seen as a typical aspect of the teenage experience. Realism = achieved through obscenity, straight-talking, conversational-style (2nd person pronoun?) Verisimilitude = Perhaps to the teen, this is such a typical thing feeling like a â€Å"creep† and a â€Å"weirdo† just because you don’t belong. How do these lyrics contribute to your understanding of the Area of Study â€Å"Belonging†? (10 marks) These lyrics reinforce my understanding of the need to belong as an essential aspect of human nature that stems, in part, from a belief that there is a benefit in belonging; that it brings with it privileges which cannot be found in isolation. They also highlight for me the irony in people wanting to belong in order to â€Å"be special,† as the persona puts it, when in fact it is not belonging that really makes someone stand out as an individual. The persona in this song wants to belong with a person he uses simile to describe as an â€Å"angel,† a symbol of perfection. The repetition of â€Å"perfect† in the lyrics of the song emphasises the importance of achieving perfection to the persona, because it will allow him to belong with this â€Å"angel.† The persona is even jealous of the angel for being so â€Å"perfect† and â€Å"special†, as conveyed through the tone of jealous anger created by the use of obscenity in the line, â€Å"You’re so f**ing special / I wish I was special.† The persona thinks that if he can be â€Å"perfect† like the angel then he too  will be special and privileged. The irony of the song is that it is clear to the reader that it is the persona, and not the angel, who is really special. The persona is â€Å"special,† or different from what is usual, because he does not belong. If he were to be â€Å"perfect† like the angel then he would be just another beautiful person â€Å"in a beautiful world.† In other words, he would become ordinary. To conclude, the lyrics of this song show me how essential the need to belong is in humans and how this stems from a belief that there is a privilege in belonging; that it makes you special. More importantly, however, the lyrics demonstrate that, ironically, it is actually through not belonging that we make ourselves stand out as unique individuals.

7 Surefire Ways to Get a Great Job

7 Surefire Ways to Get a Great Job You get a job by finding openings, sending out your resume, and impressing employers during the interview process. It can take some time, but it’s fairly simple. It’s a bit more challenging to land a dream job. First, you have to find the right opening, then you have to make yourself stand out in a sea of applicants. Only then do you have the chance of landing a great job and starting your dream career.1. Become a Master of Your TradeIf you want that well-paid job, you’re going to have to bring the skills. Companies with hot, in demand jobs need people who can bring expertise with them. Then, they need those same people to have the motivation to continue learning and growing with the organization.Before you start your job search, do a skills inventory. Are your marketable skills up to date? Have you been using the most current technology? Maybe it’s time to take a class or two, or spend some time at home doing projects to update your skills.2. Cast a Wide NetThe best jobs rarely make it to the most commonly used job boards. Many are filled by word of mouth and proactive recruiting. Other companies simply wait for interested applicants to find them. This means that you have to cast a wide net in order to put yourself into consideration for the best jobs.You can start by networking. Find and connect with people who work for the companies that interest you. Follow the companies themselves on social media as well. Also, forget about job boards. Yes, you might find something worth pursuing, but you’re more likely to learn of a great opening on a company website or through a social media post.3. Research The Company You Want to Work ForHere’s a great piece of career advice. Do some deep research into the company you want to work for before you approach them about a job. Not only can it help you to identify where, when, and how they might need someone with your skills, it can help you ace the interview process as well.Thereâ⠂¬â„¢s a point in almost every interview where the applicant is asked if they have any questions. This can truly be a pivotal point in the interview. If you throw out some generic question such as, ‘Are there any interesting projects happening soon?’,you become   just another, forgettable applicant.On the other hand, if you have a thoughtful, insightful question that only someone who has truly bothered to do some research can ask, that can provoke some great dialogue. It will also impress the heck out of the interviewer.4. Make Sure Your Resume is Spot OnResume writing should never be an afterthought. After all, your professional resume is the tool that you use to get the attention of hiring managers and boost your career prospects. Take the time to put together a great resume. It can really mean the difference between getting a call back for an interview and landing in the circular file.There’s a good reason why some people opt to hire a resume writing service rather than attempting to write their own resumes or CV. A qualified resume expert knows how to use both content and formatting to create a resume that is visually appealing, and draws attention to your best features.5. Develop a Powerful Online PresenceIf you have a LinkedIn profile, that’s a great start. However, it isn’t enough to make the connections that will lead to your dream job. You have to create a powerful online presence. This will help you build the network that you need as well as giving yourself a forum to establish yourself as a thought leader in your industry. Here are some tips on creating a professional presence online.FacebookStart by creating a professional page that is separate from your personal page. Then, complete all of your profile information. It’s a good idea to include a link to your resume as well as other social media sites. Once you have done that, you can start following companies as well as leaders in your chosen field.As far as content goes, yours should be a mixture of the following:Sharing And Commenting on Posts Made by Thought LeadersSharing And Commenting on Industry Relevant ArticlesPosting Your Thoughts on Industry Related News And EventsPromoting Your Own Blog ContentTwitterFirst, try to pick a Twitter handle that reflects your passion and expertise. Once you’ve set that up, you’ll want to select individuals and companies to follow. Just like you did on Facebook, you’ll want to comment on and retweet interesting Tweets.Twitter is also a great place to find and participate in relevant conversations. You can use the search feature to find posts based on keyword phrases that are meaningful to your industry.LinkedInThis one is really important. When companies want to fill an in demand position, they will often begin by searching for qualified candidates on LinkedIn. Be sure to do the following.Use a professional photo as your background.Fill out your profile completely.Ask peopl e for recommendations.Post content to LinkedIn.Reach out to coworkers, fellow alumni, and others to begin building a great network.QuoraThis newly popular forum is a great place to establish thought leadership. Simply set up your profile and look for questions that are relevant to your areas of expertise. Then answer them to show your insights.Your Professional WebsiteYour professional website should act as home base. It should contain samples of your work, your accomplishments, your resume, links to any customer testimonials and recommendations, and the story of why you are in the field that you are and what makes you so passionate about it.Your BlogThis is your place to post original content that relates to your field. Keep your blog updated frequently, promote your posts on your other social media accounts, and engage with your audience. You never know when a follower may become the link to your next dream job.6. Be Positive About Your Current PositionEveryone knows that you shou ld never burn bridges by badmouthing your current employer. However, to increase your chances of getting a great job, you should go one step further. Make a point to speak positively about your current or former employer.This doesn’t just apply to interviews. You should take the same positive, supportive approach on social media as well. You’ll never hurt yourself by remaining cordial and professional.7. Pursue What You Want to do Any Way You CanYour dream job may not be right around the corner. You may need to gain some more work experience, or even get a college degree. The point is to work towards your dream job continually, even if that work is done incrementally.ConclusionIf you want to land the job of your dreams, you have to change up your game to stand out from other job seekers. Follow the seven tips above, and you will be well on your way to accomplishing your goals.About the author:Lisa Sparkers is an avid Resumes.Expert blogger aiming to help you make a suc cessful career and enjoy what you’re doing every single day. You can follow her on Twitter @LisaSparkers.

Geography of Ecuador - Learn Information about South Americas Ecuador

Geography of Ecuador - Learn Information about South America's Ecuador Population: 14,573,101 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: QuitoBordering Countries: Columbia and PeruLand Area: 109,483 square miles (283,561 sq km)Coastline: 1,390 miles (2,237 km)Highest Point: Chimborazo at 20,561 feet (6,267 m)Ecuador is a country located on the west coast of South America between Columbia and Peru. It is known for its position along the Earths equator and for officially controlling the Galapagos Islands which are about 620 miles (1,000 km) from Ecuadors mainland. Ecuador is also incredibly biodiverse and it has a medium-sized economy.History of EcuadorEcuador has a long history of settlement by native peoples but by the 15th century it was controlled by the Inca Empire. In 1534 however, the Spanish arrived and took the area from the Inca. Throughout the rest of the 1500s, Spain developed colonies in Ecuador and in 1563, Quito was named as an administrative district of Spain.Beginning in 1809, Ecuadorian natives began to revolt against Spain and in 1822 independence fo rces beat the Spanish army and Ecuador joined the Republic of Gran Colombia. In 1830 though, Ecuador became a separate republic. In its early years of independence and through the 19th century, Ecuador was unstable politically and it had a number of different rulers. By the late 1800s, Ecuadors economy was beginning to develop as it became an exporter of cocoa and its people began to practice agriculture along the coast.The early 1900s in Ecuador were also unstable politically and in the 1940s it had a short war with Peru that ended in 1942 with the Rio Protocol. According to the U.S. Department of State, the Rio Protocol, led to Ecuador conceding a portion of its land that was in the Amazon area to draw the borders that it currently has today. Ecuadors economy continued to grow after World War II and bananas became a large export.Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Ecuador stabilized politically and was run as a democracy but in 1997 instability returned after Abdala Bucaram (who became president in 1996) was removed from office after claims of corruption . In 1998, Jamil Mahuad was elected president but he was unpopular with the public due to economic problems. On January 21, 2000, a junta took place and Vice President Gustavo Noboa took control.Despite some of Noboas positive policies, political stability did not return to Ecuador until 2007 with the election of Rafael Correa. In October 2008, a new constitution went into effect and several policies of reform were enacted shortly thereafter.Government of EcuadorToday Ecuadors government is considered a republic. It has an executive branch with a chief of state and a head of government - both of which are filled by the president. Ecuador also has a unicameral National Assembly of 124 seats that makes up its legislative branch and a judicial branch composed of the National Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court.Economics and Land Use in EcuadorEcuador currently has a medium-sized economy that is based mainly on its petroleum resources and agricultural products. These products in clude bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, tapioca, plantains, sugarcane, cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products, balsa wood, fish and shrimp. In addition to petroleum, Ecuadors other industrial products include food processing, textiles, wood products and various chemicals manufacturing.Geography, Climate and Biodiversity of EcuadorEcuador is unique in its geography because it is located on the Earths equator. Its capital Quito is located only 15 miles (25 km) from a latitude of 0Ëš. Ecuador has a varied topography which includes coastal plains, central highlands and a flat eastern jungle. In addition, Ecuador has an area called Region Insular which contains the Galapagos Islands.In addition to its unique geography, Ecuador is known as being highly biodiverse and according to Conservation International it is one of the worlds most biodiverse countries. This is because it owns the Galapagos Islands as well as portions of the Amazon Rainforest. According to Wikipedia, Ecuador has 15% of the worlds known bird species, 16,000 species of plants, 106 endemic reptiles and 138 amphibians. The Galapagos also have a number of uni que endemic species and is where Charles Darwin developed his Theory of Evolution. It should be noted that a large portion of Ecuadors high mountains are volcanic. The countrys highest point, Mount Chimborazo is a stratovolcano and because of the Earths shape, it is considered as the point on the Earth that is farthest from its center at an elevation of 6,310 m.Ecuadors climate is considered humid subtropical in the rainforest areas and along its coast. The rest however is dependent on altitude. Quitos, with an elevation of 9,350 feet (2,850 m), average July high temperature is 66ËšF (19ËšC) and its January average low is 49ËšF (9.4ËšC) however, these high and low temperatures are the average highs and lows for each month of the year due to its location near the Equator.To learn more about Ecuador, visit the Geography and Maps section on Ecuador on this website.References Central Intelligence Agency. (29 September 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - Ecuador. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Ecuador: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107479.htmlUnited States Department of State. (24 May 2010). Ecuador. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35761.htmWikipedia.com. (15 October 2010). Ecuador - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador

Final Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Project - Research Paper Example For example, it would be necessary to know why one needs to put up the department, what has changed in order for the company to decide to set up the department, the functions the company wishes the department to do, and how the department will contribute to the success of the company (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). In the case of Wabash Box Company, I would first consider hiring employees with prior experience in the manufacturing field. This is vital because it would reduce cost of training required to train inexperienced employees. I would also consider analysing categories of jobs required by the company in order to evenly distribute the 150 employees. To set up human resource department, I would also be required to set up a recruitment and selection team that will be mandated to hire new employees. Selection criteria will of course be determined by the working environment in Franklin, and this should go in line with the culture of Tennessee. Since the company needs to develop and offer distinct or quality corrugated containers, I would also strategically consider designing a career development plan, which will among other functions include training of the employees in order to develop and advance their skills. This should also go hand in hand with a strategy to maintain human resource. Question two: most appealing function of HR My most appealing HR management is employees motivating. Obtaining employees is one thing, and retaining them is a different thing all together. Retention of employees, however, requires a combination of multiple concepts. One and most obvious is as the function states â€Å"motivating†. There are various incentives and strategies of motivating employees. These need to be taken seriously as they may lead to employees leaving for another motivating organization or company, thus lose of credible asset to the company, which translates to loss of business (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). The articles I selected involves employees motivating. The argument in articles is about how to address the issue of employees when they tell their bosses that they are leaving the organization. A number of issues are raised in this argument, but, which all revolve around the issue of employees motivating. The problem arising is that these news may be surprising to the boss since it means losing that the employee would lead to lose of business. To some extent, the problem could be related to the boss refusal to motivate his or her employees, and probably the reason could be the organization could not be in a position to do so. The key point is that addressing employee’s salary should involve ensuring that they are market worth. The issue of employees motivating can be applied in academic and also professional career by a way of putting measures of employee’s retention into practice. Research on employees motivating can be of great importance to students, since this would help them dig deep in order to have an in-depth unde rstanding of the phenomena. Question three: 100 Best Companies to Work For Companies that I would like to work for: i. Google, The Boston Consulting Group, and SAS Institute a. Google’s mission is â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful† (Google Company, 2012, 1). Google has a vast of jobs to offer ranging from sales and account management, product and customer service, administrative and many more. According to what Google displays on its career

Will a global society and economy still need a dominant, Essay

Will a global society and economy still need a dominant, professionally-run global press Describe what it would look like or what would replace it. Consider what its role and influence would be - Essay Example Due to technological revolution, there has been a fast development of the digital communication through the global press (Flew, 2007). For capitalists, they argue that the human races is entering the golden age where all that people would need to do is to sit back and let the markets and technology do the shopping for them. This is because the global press industry is changing quite fast and hence a demand for instant coverage and the need to decrease the budgets with the sole objective of releasing ethical news. With all eyes on globalization, change in technology and ethical transmission of news with emphasis on deadline ethics, professionally run global media will change how individuals think with the contemporary society (Flew, 2007). Whereas previously the media system were primarily remote, in the past few years we have witnessed the growth of the professionally run global press with two distinct but related facets. This is because professionally run global press is cutting across the world by facilitating faster cross cutting of the world through technology. This is to aid the firms in the global economy to capitalize on the potential of growth abroad without being impacted by flurry competitors given that the local economies already is saturated with incremental expansion. The other facet is that the consolidations and convergence all depend about the day given that some of the global media houses are increasingly becoming concentrated. This is because the major players in the media industry are majorly branches of the global media conglomerates due to the onset of mergers and acquisitions (SHERMAN, (2002, October 2). It is a fact that the global American media leaves many gaps to be desired whether you want news about the media, the war on terrorism, global trade or simply general information and the understanding of the majority of the world’s population who are non-Americans. This has made the reporting of news difficult due to the

Strategic Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example Success can be measured by ensuring that the output is as per the desired estimation from the pre-decided input and effort (Rathore, 2009; Siddiqui, 2006). In such situation, responsibility accounting signifies classifying the financial information that is related to the areas associated with the organisational activity. After considering these financial aspects the responsibilities are allocated for controlling different areas of operations. These areas are also known as responsibility centres. There are various types of responsibility centres, such as cost centre, profit centre, revenue centre, and investment centre (Rao, 2007). The financial performance in the organisation are measured and monitored by the managers by considering the relative measures of profitability. ROI is also a relative measure of financial performance that can be utilised for comparison with the other investments. It also assists in providing a summary of the post return on the capital employed. The concept of ROI is based on the yield or benefit that investors reap on investments (Megginson and Smart, 2008). ROI = (Revenue – Investment) / Investment * 100 (Jupri, n. ... The focus of ROI is towards profit, and the data required for such calculating is easily available. Apart from this, the size of the divisions does not affect the calculation, and the managers can easily choose the projects with higher ROI. However, ROI ignores various risks, and considers historic measures. In this case the projects which have slow payoff are generally rejected. This also encourages managers to shift their focus towards short-run than long-run (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2008). Apart from ROI, EVA is another tool for measuring financial performance that has become popular among the managers. In this case the performance is calculated on the basis of the residual wealth of the organisation that is deducted by the cost of capital from the operating profit. This is also referred as the economic profit. The formula for calculating EAV is stated below EVA = NOPAT (Net Operating Profit after Taxes) – (Capital * Cost of Capital) The organisation having a positive E VA is said to have yielded profit or wealth, while organisation with negative EVA is said to have consumed the capital. The strength of EVA is that it acts as a major indicator of wealth creation and accordingly assists the managers in streamlining the goals of the division or plant with the corporate goals (Ingram, Albright and Ingram, 2006). However, there are certain limitations in this method, especially when it comes to the size of the division or organisation, or financial orientations. Both the methods discussed here suffer from the drawback of tempting managers with short-term profits. EVA is particularly used for aspects like incentive compensation, investor relations, and resource allocation. The premise in this case is

Corporate social responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate social responsibility Essay Social responsibility is an ethical theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystems. Businesses can use ethical decision making to secure their businesses by making decisions that allow for government agencies to minimize their involvement with the corporation. Critics argue that Corporate social responsibility (CSR) distracts from the fundamental economic role of businesses; others argue that it is nothing more than superficial window-dressing; others argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful corporations though there is no systematic evidence to support these criticisms. A significant number of studies have shown no negative influence on shareholder results from CSR but rather a slightly negative correlation with improved shareholder returns. Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. In some models, a firms implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is required by law. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the companys actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. FUNCTIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The function of corporate social responsibility is for corporations to hold themselves accountable for the ethical, legal, societal and ecological impacts of their business practices. Corporate social responsibility practices are self-monitoring, meaning there arent laws requiring corporations to behave in a socially responsible manner. Rules regarding corporate responsibility practices are generally written into the corporate bylaws, mission statements and employee handbooks. Ethical Function Ethics are one of the most important aspects in corporate governance and therefore have an important function in corporate social responsibility. A company must have internal controls regarding the expected ethical behavior and consequences of unethical business practices of its top executives and employees. Behaving ethically makes the company as a whole accountable to its investors, shareholders and consumers. The ethical function of corporate social responsibility helps to prevent conflicts of interest between earning corporate profits and maintaining the integrity of the company and the goods and services it produces. Legal Function The legal function of corporate social responsibility is to encourage transparency in a companys business practices and financial reporting. Maintaining high levels of legal business practices, such as adhering to Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations promotes goodwill toward employees. Maintaining high levels of legal financial practices maintains good will among investors, stakeholders and government financial-reporting regulatory agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Societal Function The societal function of corporate social responsibility is to respect and invest in the communities in which the company operates. Companies are aware of how the production of their products affects the local community. These companies take necessary actions to diminish the negative impacts of factors such as increased traffic, noise and pollution for the communities in which they operate. The societal function of corporate social responsibility also includes companies reinvesting in the communities in which they operate, such as donating money to local charities. Ecological Function The ecological function of corporate social responsibility is to not only respect the immediate environment in which the company operates but also to respect the companys effect on the global environment. Companies are aware of the environmental impact the production of their products have on their local communities. In corporate social responsibility, these companies adhere to strict standards in an effort to diminish the negative impact of the environmental byproducts such as air and water pollution from the production of their products. Having such standards impacts both the local and global environments. CHARACTERISTICS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, first appeared in the late 1960s in response to the need for businesses to address the effect of their pursuits on the environment and society, in addition to the interests of their shareholders. CSR attempts to portray corporations as responsible citizens who are concerned with issues of social and environmental welfare. The Public CSR argues that corporations bear responsibility for the effect they have on other sectors of society. The activities of corporations have an impact on individuals who dont work for them and dont buy their products, through, for example, secondary economic impacts and degradation of the natural environment. CSR acknowledges this, and attempts to make the interactions between corporations and society positive and productive. This can be done by consulting with neighbors and citizens who are affected by corporate activities and by striving for transparency in corporate pursuits so that the public knows what is going on. The Environment Increased knowledge on the part of the public about declining resources, toxic waste and global warming is compelling companies to make more efforts to be more environmentally benign. The traditional view that the natural world is merely a source of materials and an equally convenient dump for waste is being challenged from many quarters, and CSR is an attempt by corporations to respond to these concerns. The sincerity of changes being made on the part of corporations includes some serious efforts to achieve sustainability and other efforts that are essentially greenwashing, activities in which corporations put more effort into appearing green than into actually being green. Clients CSR challenges the traditional wisdom that the interests and needs of the clients of a corporation will be adequately protected by the market itself. Because the free market has been severely compromised by a combination of government subsidies and manipulative marketing practices, CSR attempts to remedy this situation by installing practices into corporate life that will monitor the interaction between corporations and their clients in an attempt to ensure that nobody is being exploited or cheated. Consumer protection can be enforced by the government or voluntarily pursued by companies, the latter course have clear advantages for the public relations of the company. Staff Staff and employees of corporations have a right to expect fair pay, safe working conditions and meaningful work. CSR is one aspect of a transformation in the corporate world that attempts to overcome archaic views of workers as mere means to an end on the part of shareholders. Particularly in less developed countries that are often the sites of intensive resource extraction, the treatment of labor is frequently substandard. CSR is intended to promote the rights of all workers and to ensure that corporations respect these rights and make whatever changes are required to prevent the exploitation and mistreatment of labor. FOUR TYPES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY As large corporations begin to dominate the world economy, it raises questions about the importance of corporate social responsibility in business. A variety of types of corporate social responsibilities have emerged in public discussions, and understanding their implications is important. Environmental Responsibility People expect businesses to exhibit environmentally responsible behavior, as evidenced by a PricewaterhouseCoopers survey that found that the No. 1 issue for companies in the future, according to U. S. respondents, is carbon emissions reductions. Specific environmental issues that affect businesses include global warming, sustainable resources and pollution. Businesses are being urged by environmental groups and governments to reduce their carbon footprint, to obtain their materials from sustainable sources and to reduce their pollution. Human Rights Responsibility The 21st-century marketplace is highly global. This means that when a product is purchased in the United States, for example, it may have been produced in China, or have components from South America. The ethical issue for corporations is ensuring that human rights are respected throughout all levels of the supply chain. Major companies have received criticism for their use of sweat shops and for sourcing resources that are harvested by unfairly treated workers. This has lead to a push for the use of strict labor standards to be applied to suppliers, and a demand for fair trade products such as chocolate and coffee. Financial Responsibility Financial responsibility is an important issue in corporate social responsibility. In the wake of the accounting fraud perpetrated by Enron and Arthur Andersen and Ponzi schemes orchestrated by the likes of Bernie Madoff, businesses are questioned about the accuracy of their financial reporting by increasingly skeptical shareholders and government officials, as evidenced by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Employees are expected to act as whistle blowers in such situations, and white collar crime is seeing high-profile prosecutions like that of Martha Stewart or former Worldcom CEO Bernie Ebbers. Political Responsibility Trading with repressive regimes is a difficult issue in corporate social responsibility. Some businesses argue that working with these regimes will help to advance them and bring rights to the countries. People and governments have demanded that businesses stop trading with repressive regimes, which was most notably observed when several western governments launched an embargo against the Apartheid government in South Africa during the 1980s. Shell Oil received considerable consumer backlash during the 1990s for its complicit involvement with the Nigerian government that murdered anti-oil activists. These issues make doing business with certain governments an important consideration for corporate social responsibility. PROS CONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate social responsibility is generally perceived as a positive business ideology in the 21st century, despite some challenges. A significant expansion of basic business ethics, CSR establishes guidelines for ethical and socially responsible behavior. It addresses how companies that want to satisfy government and societal requirements should treat key stakeholder groups, including customers, suppliers, employees and the community. Pro 1: Social Responsibility and Customer Relationships One of the foundational elements of CSR is that it causes companies to reason beyond basic ethics to consider the benefits of active involvement in communities. In his article The 7 Principles of Business Integrity, business strategist Robert Moment argues that 21st-century companies must prove themselves to customers to build long-term, trusting relationships. They must also get involved in the community to give back. This community connection endears your company to the local markets in which you operate. Pro 2: Motivated Employees Employees are a companys most valued asset. This is the premise of a companys obligation to this key stakeholder group with regard to CSR compliance. This means treating employees with respect and offering fair working conditions. It also means establishing fair hiring practices and promoting a non-discriminatory workplace. This improves morale within the workplace and encourages teamwork. Additionally, a writer on the As You Sow website stresses the importance of managing a diverse workplace so that you can benefit from a variety of backgrounds and life experiences. Con 1: Expenses The main reason any company would object to participating in CSR is the associated costs. With CSR, you pay for environmental programs, more employee training and efficient waste management programs. Proponents of CSR agree that any expenses to businesses are ultimately covered by stronger relationships with key customers. However, David Vogel indicates in his Forbes article CSR Doesnt Pay that investment in CSR programs may not necessary result in measurable financial results. Con 2: Shareholder Expectations Another challenge for companies when considering CSR is the possible negative perception of shareholders. Historically, publicly-owned companies had a primary focus of maximizing shareholder value. Now, they must balance the financial expectations of company owners with the social and environmental requirements of other stakeholder groups. Some shareholders are happy to invest in companies that operate with high integrity. Others may not approve of the aforementioned expenses of operating under CSR guidelines. IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Social responsibility is so important to current and long-term business success that corporate social responsibility, CSR, has become a widely recognized business process in the early 21st century. An entrepreneur point out that CSR is an evolution of corporate ethics because it involves balancing the social expectations of all stakeholders, including shareholders, citizens, providers and customers, along with environmental responsibility. Basic Integrity Most experts and CSR analysts agree that this broad business concept is an evolution of basic business ethics and integrity. Entrepreneur and business strategist Robert Moment The 7 Princes of Business Integrity agree that treating stakeholders with respect and earning trust of customers through ethical business operations is the CSR foundation. Leading advocate of corporate accountability, the As You Sow Foundation, also stresses the importance of internal business controls that mandated ethics from corporate leaders and employees. Community Relations The word social is key to understanding how CSR goes beyond basic integrity. Moment states in one of his seven principles that as a CSR adherent, you must remain involved in community-related issues and activities thereby demonstrating that your business is a responsible community contributor. This community involvement and participation shows your marketplace that you are interested in more than just taking money from their pockets. In the long run, this strategy leads to a stronger public reputation and more profitable business relationships. The Environment Another reason CSR is much broader than conventional business ethics is its necessary inclusion of environmental responsibility. Once an opportunity for companies to add value and enhance their brand image, green-friendly operations are now a societal requirement with CSR. As You Sow discusses the importance of preserving the environment, optimizing efficient use of natural resources, such as renew, reuse and recycle, and reduction of waste as important to the environmental component of CSR. Companies that do not consider these initiatives draw the ire of the government, public and consumer watch groups. Bottom Line The underlying question is whether CSR operations improve a companys bottom line performance. David Vogel argues in his 2008 Forbes article that CSR Doesnt Pay. Vogel argues that operating under CSR guidelines is not likely to produce higher tangible profits for a company throughout time. Now that socially responsible behavior is expected, it goes largely unnoticed, argues Vogel. He does agree, though, that companies that ignore CSR may experience public backlash and negative business consequences. Still, many advocates of CSR believe that companies can still profit in the long run through stronger business and customer relationships. PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The main principles involving corporate social responsibility involve economic, legal, ethical and discretionary aspects. A corporation needs to generate profits, while operating within the laws of the state. The corporation also needs to be ethical, but has the right to be discretional about the decisions it makes. Levels of corporate social responsiveness to an issue include being reactive, defensive, responsive and interactive. All terms are useful in issues management. Selecting when and how to act can make a difference in the outcome of the action taken. CSR has inspired national governments to include CSR issues into their national public policy agendas. The increased importance driven by CSR has prompted governments to promote socially and environmentally responsible corporate practices. Over the past decade governments have considered CSR as a public issue that requires national governmental involvement to address the very issues relevant to CSR. The heightened role of government in CSR has facilitated the development of numerous CSR programs and policies. Increasingly, corporations are motivated to become more socially responsible because their most important stakeholders expect them to understand and address the social and community issues that are relevant to them. Understanding what causes are important to employees is usually the first priority because of the many interrelated business benefits that can be derived from increased employee engagement (i. e. more loyalty, improved recruitment, increased retention, higher productivity, and so on). Key external stakeholders include customers, consumers, investors (particularly institutional investors), and communities in the areas where the corporation operates its facilities, regulators, academics, and the media. The debate, on whether responsibility of a business enterprise is only to its shareholders (owners) or to all stakeholders, including environment and the society at large, is an on going one and continues. In received literature â€Å"Stakeholder†, as an expression is fairly recent in origin, reportedly appearing first in an internal memorandum of the Stanford Research Institute in the year 1963. According to a definition given by Edward Freeman â€Å"A stakeholder is any group or individual who can effect, or is affected by the activities and achievements of an organization. † Friedrich Neubauer and Ada Demb in â€Å"The Legitimate Corporation† identify six groups of distinguishable stakeholders (not necessarily in this order) as follows a) Providers of funds b) Employees c) General public d) Government e) Customers and f) Suppliers An increasing number of companies are reporting publicly on their social, environmental and ethical performance, both as a communication to stakeholders, and as a management tool. However, as this practice has only become more widespread since the mid 1990s, there is as yet no standard format to address the type of information companies choose to report, or how that information is collected, analyzed and presented. At the same time, many stakeholders are becoming increasingly sophisticated in the type and quality of information they are demanding from companies. In an effort to meet these demands as well as to strengthen the credibility of their social and environmental reports some companies are choosing to have their reports externally verified. In doing so, companies recognize that verification by a third party can add value to the overall social and environmental reporting process by enhancing relationships with stakeholders, improving business performance and decision-making, aligning practice with organizational values, and strengthening reputation risk management. Social Responsibility Principles The Corporate Social Responsibility is based on the following principles: Legal Compliance Principle: The enterprise shall comply with and understand all applicable, local, international, written, declared, and effected laws and regulations, in accordance with fixed, specific procedures. Adherence to Customary International Laws Principle: The enterprise shall adhere to international and governmental agreements, executive regulations, declarations, covenants, decisions, and guidelines, when setting its policies and practices pertinent to Social Responsibility. Respecting Related Stakeholders lefts Principle: The enterprise shall acknowledge and accept the diversity of related stakeholders’ lefts and interests, and the diversity of the major and minor enterprises activities and products, among other elements, which may affect such related stakeholders. Transparency Principle: the enterprise shall clearly, accurately, and comprehensively declare its policy, decisions, and activities, including known and potential effects on environment and society. Moreover, such information shall be available to affected persons, or those who are likely to be affected materially by the enterprise. Respect for Human lefts Principle: the enterprise shall execute policies and practices which shall result in respecting existent human lefts in the Universal Declaration of Human lefts. Because CSR can influence economic, environmental and social factors in a variety of ways, there is no â€Å"one size fits all† approach. An effective CSR strategy must consider alignment with the organization’s business strategy, commercial added value, and sustainability of impact. The benefits of an effective CSR approach to an organization can include: Stronger performance and profitability Improved relations with the investment community and access to capital Enhanced employee relations and company culture Risk management and access to social opportunities Stronger relationships with communities and legal regulators CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT RELIANCE POWER LTD Reliance Power Limited is part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, one of India’s largest business houses. It was established to develop, construct and operate power projects in the Indian and international markets. Reliance Energy Limited, an Indian private sector power utility company and the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group promote Reliance Power. With its subsidiaries, it is developing 13 medium and large-sized power projects with a combined planned installed capacity of 33,480 MW. Reliance Natural Resources merged with Reliance Power in 2010, shortly after its initial public offering. The group operates across multiple sectors, including telecommunications, financial services, media and entertainment, infrastructure and energy. The energy sector companies include Reliance Infrastructure and Reliance Power. Reliance Power has been established to develop, construct and operate power projects both in India as well as internationally. The Company on its own and through its subsidiaries has a portfolio of over 35,000 MW of power generation capacity, both in operation as well as capacity under development. The power projects are going to be diverse in terms of geographic location, fuel type, fuel source and off-take, and each project is planned to be strategically located near an available fuel supply or load centre. The company has 1,540 MW of operational power generation assets. The projects under development include seven coal-fired projects to be fueled by reserves from captive mines and supplies from India and elsewhere; two gas-fired projects; and twelve hydroelectric projects, six of them in Arunachal Pradesh, five in Himachal Pradesh and one in Uttarakhand. Reliance Power has won three of the four Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) awarded by the Indian Government so far. These include UMPPs in Sasan( Madhya Pradesh),Krishnapatnam( Andhra Pradesh) Tilaiya(Jharkhand). UMPPs are a significant part of the Indian governments initiative to collaborate with power generation companies to set up 4,000 MW projects to ease the country’s power deficit situation. Besides these, Reliance Power is also developing coal bed methane (CBM) blocks to fuel gas based power generation. The company is registering projects with the Clean Development Mechanism executive board for issuance of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) certificates to augment its revenues. Reliance Power in its continuous efforts to positively impact the society, especially the areas around its sites and offices, has formulated policies for social development that are based on the following guiding principles: Adopt an approach that aims at achieving a greater balance between social development and economic development. Adopt new measures to accelerate and ensure the basic needs of all people. Work towards elimination of all barriers for the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups- such as the poor and the disabled Give unfailing attention to children for in their hands lies the countrys future. It is for their sake that health, education and environment get topmost priority in our programs and investments. In areas around its power plant sites in Sasan,Rosa,Krishnapatnam,Butibori,Chitrangi and others, Reliance Power has been actively involved in various social and environmental organizations to address the issue of sustainable development and social uplift. The Company in discharge of its responsibility as a corporate citizen actively contributes to community welfare measures and takes up several social initiatives every year. Reliance Power Ltd. has been closely working with institutions and social organizations and supporting their programs for social development, adult literacy, adoption of village, tree plantation schemes etc. HEALTH Health and safety are of universal concern across the spectrum of communities. As a company, we are not only committed to compliance with legal norms but its is our endeavour to voluntarily go beyond that and provide quality healthcare facilities in the regions around our site. We are committed to providing all possible support to create awareness on various health related issues impacting the local people. We believe in a multidimensional approach that considers the needs of the area leading to an effective plan to address all issues in consultation with the local administration, community workers and NGOs working in the area. At its various project sites, Reliance Power sites runs medical facility center, physiotherapy center, and mobile medical vans that dispenses free medicines and provide free health check-ups. Also periodically we come up with health camps like general health check up camps, gynecology camps, eye check up camps and corrective surgery camps for disabled children. EDUCATION Education is a basic tool to bring development to an area and its people. We aim to create an awareness pool of human resource both within and across our area of operations. We are committed to bridging the digital divide between the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ in educational infrastructure and facilities. Exposure to technology along with a sustainable education model could be strengthened through partnership with government and quasi-government agencies. Reliance Power is involved in a surfeit of activities that have changed the lives of the people residing at the sites or the PAFs (Project Affected Families). Education is the main thrust of these activities. Major contributions made in the area include building of a DAV school at the site for the children of the PAFs and the children of the villages around the sites, free school bus facility for the students, stipend to every child who attends school (a boy child gets Rs. 250 per month while a girl child gets a stipend of Rs. 300 per month), free uniforms, study tours for children, teaching aids to the teachers, training of teachers, as well as night schools for uneducated adults etc. EMPLOYMENT Community is an integral part of the business environment and the basic commitment lies towards augmenting the overall economic and social development of local communities by discharging our social responsibilities in a sustainable manner. Reliance Power invests significantly in skill up gradation of people around the sites. The trained manpower available for construction will ensure quality and accident free working. CIDC, a Government of India initiative has been engaged and has trained about 300 project affected youths as electricians, welders, carpenters and masons and bar benders in batches of 40 each. To further encourage them we paid them, a monthly stipend of Rs. 1000 per month. In addition efforts are on to enroll the oustees in short term courses at the ITI operating in the region. Apart from these, training is also provided are: Computer coaching centre English speaking classes Personality development classes Physiotherapy training center Training by NAC (National Academy of Construction) and use them for future requirement of the construction. For the women folk of the villages, in an effort to empower them the company trains them in soft skills like tailoring and poultry farming etc. Reliance Power provides assistance to women keen on starting their own businesses. THE HUMAN TOUCH BEYOND POLICY IMPERATIVES Although the main thrust of Reliance Power’s CSR lies in providing quality education, health care and livelihood, we don’t restrict ourselves to it. In order to better lives around our areas of interest and business, we strive to provide basic amenities like electrification in the villages, augmentation and development of roads connecting the village to the main roads, old age support for senior citizens of the project affect families, development of the grazing lands for the cattle of the villagers, afforestation and veterinary camps for domestic cattle. Moral and financial support is extended during social occasions like marriages, community prayers, funerals and other such occasions.